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What is Suboxone?

Suboxone is a prescribed drug that comprises a combination of two active components – buprenorphine and naloxone. It is primarily used to treat opioid dependence and addiction, helping individuals recover from dependence on prescription painkillers or heroin. 

Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist. This means it produces some of the effects that opioids like heroin or oxycodone produce, which allows it to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms. However, since it’s only a partial opioid agonist, buprenorphine doesn’t produce the same strong euphoric high or dangerous side effects of full opioid agonists.

Naloxone is added to Suboxone to help prevent misuse. If Suboxone is injected by someone dependent on full opioids, the naloxone triggers withdrawal symptoms. This discourages abuse of the medication.

The combination of buprenorphine and naloxone allows Suboxone to safely ease withdrawal symptoms and reduce opioid cravings without providing the same high or hazardous effects as the opioids it’s replacing. Under the care and supervision of a medical provider, Suboxone enables people recovering from opioid addiction to avoid severe withdrawal while tapering off opioids over time.

How Does Suboxone Work?

Suboxone contains two active ingredients – buprenorphine and naloxone. Here’s how they work to treat opioid dependence:

• Buprenorphine is a medication that partially activates opioid receptors in the brain by binding to them. However, it activates these receptors less strongly than full agonists like heroin or oxycodone. This helps reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms in people dependent on opioids.
• Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that reverses the effects of opioid agonists. It has a very low oral bioavailability, meaning almost none is absorbed when Suboxone is taken as directed sublingually. 

However, if Suboxone is misused by dissolving and injecting it, the naloxone triggers withdrawal effects which help prevent abuse.

Uses of Suboxone

Suboxone is primarily used to treat opioid dependence and addiction. It contains a combination of buprenorphine and naloxone, which makes Suboxone an effective medication-assisted treatment option. 

Treatment for Opioid Addiction/Dependence

The main use of Suboxone is to treat dependence and addiction to opioids like heroin, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and other prescription painkillers. Suboxone helps reduce opioid cravings and withdrawal symptoms so patients can focus on recovery without experiencing severe discomfort. It allows people struggling with opioid addiction to normalize their lives.

Maintenance Therapy

Suboxone is considered a maintenance therapy, meaning it is intended for long-term daily use to help opioid-dependent patients avoid relapse and abstain from problem drug use. The buprenorphine in Suboxone is a partial opioid agonist, which produces some opioid effects to prevent withdrawal symptoms and drug cravings without the high or adverse effects of a full opioid agonist.

Part of Medication-Assisted Treatment

Suboxone is a key component of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid dependence. MAT combines behavioral therapy and counseling with medications like Suboxone or methadone. This comprehensive approach provides a whole-patient treatment method that addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of opioid addiction. Suboxone allows patients to rewire their brains and behaviors over months or years of treatment.

Dosage Information

Suboxone comes in two forms – film strips that dissolve under the tongue and tablets. 

The typical starting dose for Suboxone treatment is 8mg/2mg. This means 8mg of buprenorphine and 2mg of naloxone per dose. Your doctor may adjust your dosage up or down based on your response. 

Doses higher than 24mg/6mg per day are generally not recommended.

When taking Suboxone film strips:

• Place one film strip under your tongue. Do not chew or swallow it.
• Allow the strip to fully dissolve. This takes 2-10 minutes.
• Do not eat, drink, smoke, or talk while the strip dissolves to avoid swallowing it.

When taking Suboxone tablets:

• Place the tablet under your tongue until it fully dissolves. 
• Avoid chewing or swallowing the tablet in its entirety.
• Allow at least 2-10 minutes for complete dissolution before drinking or rinsing your mouth.

Side Effects of Suboxone

Suboxone, like most medications, can cause side effects. The most common side effects include:

• Constipation is the side effect most commonly reported. Constipation is often persistent and may require laxatives. 
• Headache 
•  Sweating
• Insomnia  
• Nausea 
• Vomiting
• Stomach pain

Other critical side effects to be mindful of are:

• Respiratory depression – Slow, shallow or difficult breathing. This can lead to coma or death if not treated promptly. Call 911 or get emergency help if severe symptoms occur.   
• Allergic reaction – Rash, hives, itching, difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, swelling of the mouth, face, lips or tongue. This requires immediate medical attention.
• Adrenal insufficiency – Symptoms like nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, low blood pressure. Abrupt discontinuation of Suboxone after prolonged use can lead to withdrawal symptoms. 
• Liver damage – Jaundice, right upper stomach pain, fatigue, nausea, dark urine. Get medical help if symptoms occur.

Precautions Regarding Suboxone

Suboxone does carry some risks and requires certain precautions to use safely. 

• Misuse Potential: Suboxone has the potential for abuse and can lead to physical dependence. It should only be taken exactly as prescribed. Care must be taken not to snort, inject, chew, or misuse Suboxone as that increases risks. Do not take higher doses or more frequently than prescribed.
• Alcohol and Other Substances: Avoid alcohol while taking Suboxone, as it increases drowsiness. Suboxone may also interact with certain other medications and substances. Always inform your doctor of everything you are taking before starting Suboxone. 
• Respiratory Depression: There is a risk of slowed or difficult breathing, especially when misused. Seek medical attention immediately if breathing becomes abnormal. Those with lung disease have higher risks.

Allergic Reactions: In rare cases, Suboxone can cause severe allergic reactions. Discontinue use and seek emergency care if you experience swelling, hives, or trouble breathing.